Assessment of depression among patients undergoing haemodialysis: a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192189Keywords:
Beck’s depression inventory, Chronic kidney disease, Depression, HemodialysisAbstract
Background: Depression is the most important neuropsychiatric complication in chronic kidney disease because it reduces quality of life and increases mortality. The beginning of dialysis treatment causes subtle changes in the life of CKD patients, mainly in the physical and social spheres. It affects the self-care of these patients which lead to poor adherence to dialysis. Hence, the present study was conducted to screen for depression.
Methods: This was an observational study among 100 patients undergoing haemodialysis at HIMS, HASSAN. After taking informed consent, subjects were requested to complete Beck, depression Inventory, a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory for measuring the severity of depression. Descriptive statistics was applied to infer the findings.
Results: The study population showed depression of mild (31%), borderline (10%), moderate (17%), severe (7%) and extreme (3%) grade and the remaining subjects did not show depressive symptoms (32%).
Conclusions: Majority of patients undergoing hemodialysis were depressed. Major risk factors for depression were marital status of the patients, low literacy rate, gender and those started on dialysis recently.
References
Cukor D, Coplan J, Brown C, Friedman S, Cromwell-Smith A, Peterson RA, et al. Depression and Anxiety in Urban Hemodialysis Patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2:484-90.
Kimmel PL. Depression in patients with chronic renal disease: What we know and what we need to know. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:951-6.
Kimmel PL, Peterson RA. Depression in patients with endstage renal disease treated with dialysis: Has the time to treat arrived? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:349-52.
Watnick S, Kirwin P, Mahnensmith R, Concato J: The prevalence and treatment of depression among patients starting dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41:105-10.
Hedayati SS, Bosworth HB, Kuchibhatla M, Kimmel PL, Szczech LA. The predictive value of self-reported questionnaires compared to physician diagnosis of depression in end stage renal disease patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2006;69:1662-8.
United States Renal Data System. 2014 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, 2014. Available at: https://www.usrds.org/2014/view/.
Williams Jr JW, Rost K, Dietrich AJ, Ciotti MC, Zyzanski SJ, Cornell J. Primary care physicians’ approach to depressive disorders. Effects of physician specialty and practice structure. Arch Fam Med. 1999;8(1):58-67.
Lopes AA, Bragg J, Young E, Goodkin D, Mapes D, Combe C, et al. Depression as a predictor of mortality and hospitalization among hemodialysis patients in the United States and Europe. Kidney Int. 2002;62:199-207.
Kimmel PL, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Simmens SJ, Alleyne S, Cruz I, et al. Multiple measurements of depression predict mortality in a longitudinal study of chronic hemodialysis outpatients. Kidney Int. 2000;57:2093-8.
DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2101-7.
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA. 2003;289(23):3095-105.
Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, Kuchibhatla M, Gaulden LH, Cuffe MS, et al. Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(15):1849-56.
Grant D, Almond MK, Newnham A, Roberts P, Hutchings A. The Beck Depression Inventory requires modification in scoring before use in a haemodialysis population in the UK. Nephron Clin Pract. 2008;110(1):c33-8.
Anjomshoa F, Abdar ME. Depression among hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study in southeast of Iran. Inter J Epidemiol Res. 2014;1(1):24-8.
AlDukhayel AR. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Int J Health Sci. 2015;9(1):9-16.
Anees M, Barki H, Masood M, Mumtaz A, Kausar T. Depression in hemodialysis patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2008;24(4):560-5.
Mirza I, Jenkins R. Risk factors, prevalence, and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan: systematic review. BMJ. 2004;328(7443):794.
Jadhav ST, Malagi V, D’Souza CV. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among haemodialysis patients: A cross sectional survey. Inter J Nursing. 2011;4(1):53-8.
Khaira A, Mahajan S, Khatri P, Bhowmik D, Gupta S, Agarwal SK. Depression and marital dissatisfaction among Indian hemodialysis patients and their spouses: a cross-sectional Study. Ren Fail. 2012;34(3):316-22.
Rai M, Rustagi T, Rustagi S, Kohli R. Depression, insomnia and sleep apnea in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Indian J Nephrol. 2011;21(4):223-9.
Patel ML, Rekha S, Anil N, Surendra. Anxiety and depression-a suicidal risk in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. IJSRP. 2012;2(3):1-6.
Vishal V, Timaniya, Dalal MV. Depression and cognitive function impairment in patients undergoing hemodialysis. IJCPCR. 2013;3(2):64-8.
Di DC, Di SN, Iannetti E, Carpinteri G, Vitale M, Squatrito R, Catalano D, et al. Quality of life in hemodialyis patients: the effect of educational status. Clin Ter. 2000;151(4):235-9.
Armaly Z, Farah J, Jabbour A, Bisharat B, Abd-El Qader A, Saba S, et al. Major depressive disorders in chronic hemodialysis patients in Nazareth: identification and assessment. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2011;8:329-38.
